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due to the sharp increase in carbon emissions from human activities, global surface air temperature has increased significantly by approximately 1 °c since the industrial revolution, and it will continue to increase by up to 4 ℃ by the end of 21st century. this unprecedented climate change will not only affect the adaptation strategies of terrestrial vegetation, but also profoundly affect the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems. the feedbacks of terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling to warming is the key factor controlling the speed of future climate change. therefore, a large number of ecosystem-scale field warming manipulation experiments have been conducted globally to study the carbon budget of terrestrial ecosystems and to improve the prediction accuracy of earth system models. however, due to differences in techniques and methods of these field warming experiments, results among different studies are difficult to compare and synthesize. this paper reviews the common techniques and methods of field warming manipulation experiments, including active warming