刘青，学者全讯担保网主页-全讯担保网

secondary cooling control is an important factor in the continuous steel casting process. this paper reviews popular control models and analyzes their principles and characteristics. on the basis of the review, this paper pro poses a new concept called ‘‘effective-superheat’’ and a new control model called ‘‘synthetical model dynamic control method based on online temperature measurement.’’ the model, which combines the advantages of the popular models reviewed, not only allows steady, accurate and dynamic control of slab surface temperature, but also provides the temperature profile and the end of the liquid pool. in addition, this paper also discusses the current problems with secondary cooling control and the related development trends, which may be helpful for further development of secondary cooling control technology and informationization of the continuous casting process.

论述了生产工艺发展、工艺流程结构变化及余热余能利用技术应用对钢厂能耗的影响，以及钢厂能耗分析与评价方法的研究进展. 指出基于物质流系统的能耗分析应注重主生产工序间物流状况及各工序的工艺改进，基于能量流系统的能耗分析更重视能量子系统间的能源供求匹配、能级匹配；钢铁产品生命周期分析将能耗研究范围扩展至钢铁生产过程的上、下游环节，有助于实现系统节能. 讨论了现有能耗评价基准(理论最小值、实际最小值、优化后最佳值、世界/区域最佳实践值)的优劣及其应用范围，并结合一般系统的可靠性，提出和探讨了钢厂能耗可靠性评价及其深入研究方向，以挖掘系统在原料条件、产品结构及维修制度、操作水平等方面的节能潜力，实现能耗的精细控制.

为高效利用资源，充分利用低镍铬红土矿中的镍铬元素，研发了一种新型耐候钢06cupni1cr2．针对转炉冶炼耐候钢过程金属液中铬元素氧化的问题，研究并讨论了冶炼温度和一氧化碳分压对脱碳保铬的影响． 转炉冶炼06cupni1cr2 耐候钢模拟实验表明，顶吹氧气强度为3.0～3.3m3·min-1·t-1 ，终点碳的质量分数为0.02%～0.05%，冶炼终点温度控制在1680～1700℃时，脱碳保铬效果显著．

针对连铸生产中拉速及浇注温度波动频繁，导致静态二冷配水控制下铸坯表面温度波动过大的问题，提出了一种基于有效拉速、有效过热度的新型二冷控制模型． 该模型不需要在线实时计算温度场，只需要在已有参数控制模型的基础上，实时计算有效拉速及有效过热度即可对连铸坯的表面温度进行很好的控制． 计算机仿真实验表明，该控制模型对连铸过程中拉速及过热度的变化具有良好的适应能力，满足连铸生产的要求，而且模型简单易行．

the liquidus temperature of steel is greatly affected by its chemical composition; therefore, the value of the liquidus temperature can vary among different types of steel. in this study, on the basis of the concept of differentiation, the fe-i binary phase diagram is analyzed using photoshop image processing software. the effects of eleven common alloying elements (c, si, mn, p, s, ca, ni, cu, cr, nb, and mo, whose content is between 0%～4%) on the melting point of pure iron are analyzed. this analysis proves the following assumption to be incorrect: the relationship between the change in liquidus temperature and the content of element i is a linear relationship; this assumption is the basis of traditional liquidus calculation models. a new model for calculating the liquidus temperature of steel is established in this study. as compared to data from other literature, the model proposed in this paper has good generality and the calculation error of the liquidus temperature of steel is between ?3 and 4 °c, which is acceptable. a statistical analysis of the experimental data for different steel grades (obtained from laiwu special steel) using the developed model showed that 87.2% of the absolute deviation values of the temperature are within 4°c. this result shows the model to be both reasonable and credible.

the process model for bof process can be applied to predict the liquid steel composition and bath temperature during the whole steelmaking process. on the basis of the traditional three-stage decarburization theory, the concept of mixing degree was put forward, which was used to indicate the effect of oxygen jet on decarburization. furthermore, a more practical process model for bof steelmaking was developed by analyzing the effect of silicon, manganese, oxygen injection rate, oxygen lance height, and bath temperature on decarburization.process verification and end-point verification for the process model have been carried out, and the verification results show that the prediction accuracy of carbon content reaches 82.6% (the range of carbon content at the end-point is less than 0.1wt%) and 85.7% (the range of carbon content at end-point is 0.1wt%-0.7wt%) when the absolute error is less than 0.02wt% and 0.05wt%, respectively.

by analysing the factors that affect oxygen consumption during the basic oxygen furnace steelmaking process, a multiple linear regression model for predicting the oxygen blowing quantity was obtained on the basis of actual production data. additionally, an oxygen balance model for prediction of the oxygen blowing quantity was established on the basis of oxygen balance. these two models were amalgamated to establish an integrated model for prediction of the oxygen blowing quantity. the average relative error of the integrated model is ,1%, and the hit rate of the integrated model is 97?14% when the relative errors of the model are within 5%.relative to the multiple linear regression and the oxygen balance models, the integrated model may provide a more accurate prediction of the oxygen blowing quantity, and thus represents a good reference point for actual production.

在功能可靠度和时产率可靠性评价指标的基础上，结合钢铁生产过程系统能源消耗状况的分析，建立了能耗可靠性评价方法，提出了能耗可靠度、工序能效比及相近度等评价指标体系来描述钢铁生产过程系统的能耗可靠性．运用贡献指数的概念定量分析了后两者对能耗可靠度的影响，并应用于国内某特殊钢厂电弧炉生产过程单元． 结果表明: 该电弧炉工序的能耗可靠度由2008 年的0. 64 提高到2009 年的0.72．另外，还分析了该厂2006—2009 年电炉工序能耗可靠度变化的主要原因．